Scientists used to think that animal testing was the best way to learn about human health. However, we now know that animal models do not always accurately reflect human biology. In response to this, more scientists are moving towards alternatives to animal testing.
These alternatives, often referred to as ‘non-animal models,’ offer ethical, cost-effective, and human-relevant avenues to study human diseases. By embracing these animal alternatives, we can benefit human health whilst replacing the animals that undergo experimentation.
On this webpage, we will explore some of the key approaches to animal-free medical research.
In vitro cell culture models
When researchers work in vitro (‘in glass’), they delve into biological processes outside of living organisms. Scientists use a variety of materials and reagents to recreate biological processes without using animal products, from synthetic culture media, such as hydrogels, to DNA recombinant reagents, like antibodies. When combined with tissue engineering technologies such as bioprinting, scientists can reproduce human diseases effectively in the lab.
This type of research includes studies on tissues from human donors, stem cells, and lab-grown tissues. Scientists can even grow entire ‘organoids’ in the lab from human stem cells. Another popular method uses ‘organ-on-a-chip’ systems, microfluidic cell culture devices that model human organs.
In silico methods
In silico techniques use algorithms, computer models, and data analysis, rather than traditional laboratory experiments. These tools help us simulate, explore, and predict how cells and chemicals interact in the human body.
These approaches are widely used in the field of toxicology, where computer models help identify promising drug candidates. Additionally, scientists have had success in modelling organs and biological systems, helping them conduct virtual experiments.
Human volunteer studies
Scientists can design studies that directly involve human participants, using technologies like imaging systems to gather data safely. When studying specific diseases, they often work with both healthy volunteers and patients. They can also conduct post-mortem studies on donated human tissue.
Innovations such as microdosing have also emerged as new ways to bypass animal drug testing. This is when researchers will give the participants small quantities of a substance to study its effect. These kinds of experiments provide the opportunity to study potential treatments on living humans, providing more relevant insights.
By embracing these alternatives to animals in research, scientists are beginning to produce more relevant insights into human health. As a charity, we fund researchers to develop and use these innovative non-animal models. Together, we are working towards a future where scientific discovery does not involve experiments on animals.
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